Slicer3:Data Model

Slicer3 MRML Overview

• MRML Library provides API for managing medical image data types (Volumes, Models, Transforms, Fiducials, Cameras, etc) and their visualization.
• Each data type is represented by a special MRML node.
• MRML Scene is a collection of MRML nodes.
• Slicer MRML data model is implemented independent of the visualization and algorithmic components of the system.
• Other Slicer components (Logic and GUI) observe changes in MRML scene and individual nodes and process change MRML events.

For more details on MRML architecture see Architecture Slides.

MRML Scene

• MRML Scene manages MRML nodes : add, delete, find, find by type, etc.
• MRML Scene provides persistence of MRML nodes (reading/writing to/from XML file).
• MRML Scene provides Undo/Redo mechanism that restores a previous state of the scene and individual nodes.

MRML Nodes

• The MRML nodes are designed to store the state of the Slicer application, both raw data and visualization parameters.

There following is a set of core MRLN nodes that store the state of core Slicer modules:

• vtkMRMLCameraNode
• vtkMRMLClipModelsNode
• vtkMRMLSliceCompositeNode
• vtkMRMLSliceNode
• vtkMRMLColorNode
• vtkMRMLTransformNode
• vtkMRMLLinearTransformNode
• vtkMRMLTransformableNode
• vtkMRMLFiducialListNode
• vtkMRMLModelNode
• vtkMRMLModelDisplayNode
• vtkMRMLStorageNode
• vtkMRMLModelStorageNode
• vtkMRMLVolumeNode
• vtkMRMLScalarVolumeNode
• vtkMRMLVectorVolumeNode
• vtkMRMLTensorVolumeNode
• vtkMRMLDiffusionTensorVolumeNode
• vtkMRMLDiffusionWeightedVolumeNode
• vtkMRMLVolumeDisplayNode
• vtkMRMLVectorVolumeDisplayNode
• vtkMRMLDiffusionTensorVolumeDisplayNode
• vtkMRMLDiffusionWeightedVolumeDisplayNode
• vtkMRMLVolumeHeaderlessStorageNode
• vtkMRMLVolumeArchetypeStorageNode

• MRML nodes are organized into C++ class hierarchies, all derived from vtkMRMLNode class.
• For example vtkMRMLTransformableNode is the parent class of Volume, Model, Fiducial, and Transformation nodes; vtkVolumeNode is a parent of vtkMRMLScalarVolumeNode and vtkMRMLVectorVolumeNode
• All MRML nodes have to implement certain standard API: ReadAttributes, WriteAttributes, Copy, etc.

References to MRML Nodes

• Some MRML nodes have references to other nodes.
• Transformable Node has a reference to a Transformation node. Transformation node has a reference to its parent Transformation node.
• References are stored by node ID.
• Use vtkSetReferenceStringMacro to set reference ID (it registers reference with the scene).
• Access methods should check if the referenced node is still in the MRML scene using its ID.

MRML Events and Observers

• Changes in MRML scene and individual nodes propagate to other observing nodes, GUI and Logic objects via vtk events and command-observer mechanism.
• Use vtk AddObserver() and InvokeEvent() methods. vtk SetMacro generates ModifiedEvent.
• The command-observer mechanism for MRML is implemented using helper vtkObserverManager, class, MRML Observer macros, and ProcessMRMLEvents method.
• Observers should store a registered pointer to a MRML node to prevent callbacks on a deleted object.

• MRML observer macros are defined in Libs/MRML/vtkMRMLNode.h
• VtkSetMRMLObjectMacro - registers MRML node with another vtk object (another MRML node, Logic or GUI). No observers added.
• VtkSetAndObserveMRMLObjectMacro - registers MRML node and adds an observer for vtkCommand::ModifyEvent.
• VtkSetAndObserveMRMLObjectEventsMacro - registers MRML node and adds an observer for a specified set of events.
• SetAndObserveMRMLScene[Events]() method is used in GUI and Logic to observe Modify, NewScene, NodeAdded, etc. events.
• ProcessMRMLEvents method should be implemented in MRML nodes, Logic, and GUI classes in order to process events from the observed nodes.

Creating Custom MRML Node Classes

• Custom MRML nodes provide persistent storage for the module parameters.
• Custom MRML nodes should be registered with the MRML scene using RegisterNodeClass() so they can be saved and restored from a scene file.
• Classes should implement the following methods:
• CreateNodeInstance() – similar to VTK New() method only not static.
• GetNodeTagName() – return a unique XML tag for this node.
• ReadXMLAttributes() – reads node attributes from XML file as name-value pairs.
• WriteXML() – writes node attributes to output stream (as in interpolate="1" ).
• Copy() – copies node attributes.

• If the node has references to other nodes the following additional methods should be implemented:

–UpdateReferenceID() - updates the stored reference to another node. 
–UpdateScene()- updates other nodes in the scene depending on this node or updates this node if it depends on other nodes when the scene is read in. 
  This method is called automatically by XML parser after all nodes are created. 

• An example of a custom MRML node implementation: vtkMRMLGradientAnisotropicDiffusionFilterNode in Modules/GradientAnisotropicDiffusionFilter directory.
• To add node to the MRML scene:

–In the code: use standard vtk New() and add node to the scene using vtkMRMLScene::AddNode(vtkMRMLNode *)
–By user request: use vtkSlicerNodeSelectorWidget that creates a new node from the module’s UI. 

Undo/Redo Mechanism

• Undo/Redo is based on saving and restoring the state of MRML nodes in the Scene.
• MRML scene can save snapshot of all nodes into a special Undo and Redo stacks.
• The Undo and Redo stacks store copies of nodes that have changed from the previous snapshot. The node that have not changes are stored by a reference (pointer).
• When an Undo is called on the scene, the current state of Undo stack is copied into the current scene and also into Redo stack.
• All Undoable operations must store their data as MRML nodes

• Developer controls at what point the snapshot is saved by calling SaveStateForUndo method on the MRML scene.

–SaveStateForUndo() - saves the state of all nodes in the scene
–SetActiveScene(vtkMRMLScene *) - saves the state of the specified node.
–SetActiveScene(vtkCollection*) - saves the state of the specified collection of nodes.

• SaveStateForUndo() should be called in GUI/Logic classes before changing the state of MRML nodes. Usually done in the ProcessGUIEvents method that processes events from the user interactions with GUI widgets.
• SaveStateForUndo() should not be called while processing transient events such as continuous events sent by KW UI while dragging a slider (for example vtkKWScale::ScaleValueStartChangingEvent).

The following methods on the MRML scene are used to manage Undo/Redo stacks:

• vtkMRMLScene::Undo() – restore the previously saved state of the MRML scene.
• vtkMRMLScene::Redo() – restore the previously undone state of the MREML scene.
• vtkMRMLScene::SetUndoOff() – ignore following SaveStateForUndo calls (usefull when making multiple changes to the scene/nodes that does not need to be undone).
• vtkMRMLScene::SetUndoOn() – enable following SaveStateForUndo calls.
• vtkMRMLScene::ClearUndoStack() – clears the undo history.
• vtkMRMLScene::ClearRedoStack() – clears the redo history.

Slicer Module developers should call vtkMRMLScne::SaveStateForUndo() method in their modules before changing the state of MRML nodes. This is usually done in the ProcessGUIEvents method that processes events from the user interactions with GUI widgets. Note, that vtkMRMLScne::SaveStateForUndo() method should not be called while processing transient events such as continuos events sent by UI while dragging a slider (for example vtkKWScale::ScaleValueStartChangingEvent).

Other Useful References

MRML API Documentation

The detailed documentation of MRML API can be found in Slicer3 Doxygen pages

History

See Data Model notes in AHM 2006 Programming week project.

Path-based MRML proposal

Mike's proposal for a path-based MRML3 representation, based on extending the Coordinate Space Manager ideas to the entire MRML3 tree

Slicer Daemon

The goal of the Slicer Daemon project is to allow remote editing of the MRML data model by external programs over a socket.

Slicer 2.6 MRML

Data Represented in MRML in Slicer 2.6

• Volumes
  • IJK->RAS (VTK->RAS)
  • Scalar Types
  • Multicomponent (RGB, Displacement Vector)
  • Tensor Volumes
  • Label Maps
  • Reference to Lookup Table

• Models
  • vtkPolyData
    • Named Field Data (scalars, vectors, labels) at points and cells (FreeSurferReaders)
    • Polylines with tensor point data (DTMRI Module)
  • Color, Clipping State, Visibility, Scalar Visibility, LookupTable

• Transforms
  • Matrix4x4

• Lookup Tables
  • vtkLookupTable info

• Fiducials
  • Position, Quaternion
  • Name, Selection State, Type (endoscopic, normal)
  • Glyph Size, Text Size

• Fiducial Lists
  • Name, Slze, Color, Selection State

• Colors
  • Name, Label#, Diffuse/Ambient/Specular

• Model Groups

• Application State (not to be carried to Slicer3 MRML)
• Locator (not to be carried to Slicer3 MRML)
• Module Specific Parameters (not to be carried to Slicer3 MRML)

Operations On MRML Scene

• Load from File
• Save to File
• Traverse Nodes in Tree
• Insert Node
• Delete Node
• Register Tree Observer
• Update MRML
• Get Transformations (e.g. IJK to World through transform tree)

• Data Type Specific Operations
  • Get/Set Node MetaData
  • Get/Set Data (e.g. as vtkImageData)

General References on XML

A wikibook on XML: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XML:_Managing_Data_Exchange

The section on ID/IDREF implementations which are similar to what we use in MRML: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XML:_Managing_Data_Exchange/The_many-to-many_relationship#ID.2FIDRE