Projects:DTIModeling

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DTI Modeling

We developed a novel approach for joint clustering and point-by-point mapping of white matter fiber pathways. Knowledge of the point correspondence along the fiber pathways is not only necessary for accurate clustering of the trajectories into fiber bundles, but also crucial for any tract-oriented quantitative analysis. The proposed approach is also capable of incorporating anatomical knowledge as prior information.

Description

We employ an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to cluster the trajectories in a Gamma mixture model context. The result of clustering is the probabilistic assignment of the fiber trajectories to each cluster and an estimate of the cluster parameters, i.e. spatial mean and variance, and point correspondences. The fiber bundles are modeled by the mean trajectory and its spatial variation. Point-by-point correspondence of the trajectories within a bundle is obtained by constructing a distance map and a label map from each cluster center at every iteration of the EM algorithm. This offers a time-efficient alternative to pairwise curve matching of all trajectories with respect to each cluster center.

The proposed method has the potential to benefit from an anatomical atlas of fiber tracts by incorporating it as prior information in the EM algorithm. The algorithm is also capable of handling outliers in a principled way. Here are some examples of modeling/clustering the bundles:

One of the difficult bundles of fiber tracts to cluster is the cingulum. Even starting tractography from a user-defined ROI results in a set of disordered trajectories, mostly short in length because of low FA. Also, due to its adjacency to the corpus callosum, many callosal trajectories are included that adversely affect any further analysis of the bundle. As shown in the following figure for two subjects, our method is well capable of clustering these trajectories into the desired bundles. Two arbitrary trajectories, one from the the superior and one from the posterior part of the cingulum were selected as the initial cluster centers. Knowledge of the point correspondence and hence rigorous calculation of the similarity measure is essential for clustering of such a disordered set of trajectories.

Figure on the right illustrates the evolution of the Gamma distribution for the clusters of the first case shown the above figure. Convergence is achieved just after a few iterations of the EM algorithm.

The proposed algorithm is being applied on several datasets. Below are two examples:

Population Study on Patahogical Subjects

A population study on the cinglum bundle in controls and Schizophrenia cases:

Brain Development

FA-colored trajectories from (a), (d) cortico-spinal, (b), (e) cingulum and (c), (f) uncinate fasciculus at 32-wk (up) and 42-wk (down) postmenstrual age. part of the cingulum and at 32-wk (up) and 42-wk (down) postmenstrual age. Spatial patterns of the tract development are clearly seen. On the right, the figure shows the box-plot of the FA variation along the tract arc length for part of the cingulum and at 32-wk (up) and 42-wk (down) postmenstrual age. Only the posterior part shows a significant FA increase. ROI-based analysis fails to detect such spatial dependencies.

Software

Currently, all of the codes are implemented in MATLAB.

Key Investigators

• MIT Algorithms: Mahnaz Maddah, Sandy Wells, Simon Warfield and Eric Grimson.

Publications

In Press

• Mahnaz Maddah, Marek Kubicki, William M. Wells, Carl-Fredrik Westin, Martha E. Shenton and W. Eric L. Grimson, Findings in Schizophrenia by Tract-Oriented DT-MRI Analysis, to be presented in MICCAI 2008, NY, US.

• M. Maddah, L. Zollei, W. E. L. Grimson, W. M. Wells, Modeling of Anatomical Information in Clustering of White Matter Fiber Trajectories Using Dirichlet Distribution, to be presented at MMBIA 2008, Alaska, US.

• M. Maddah, L. Zollei, W. E. L. Grimson, C-F Westin, W. M. Wells, A Mathematical Framework for Incorporating Anatomical Knowledge in DT-MRI Analysis, ISBI 2008, Paris, France.

• M. Maddah, A. U. Mewes, H. Als, G. McAnulty, W. E. L. Grimson, and S. K. Warfield, Investigation of Neonate Brain Development Enabled by Tract-Oriented Quantification, ISMRM 2008, Toronto, Canada.

In Print

• NA-MIC Publications Database